Developing Business Through Human Resources

Creating Business Through Human Resources I. Since days of yore, HR have assumed an indispensable job in overseeing individuals and amplifying their maximum capacity. There are key bits of knowledge to outperform in any inescapable business development, decrease or any unique changes in an administration. Business Growth To start with, supervisors ought to have an away from of where the association is going. With the goal for HR to foresee principal phases of progress, change and manage important movements, they should be truly acquainted with the system, qualities and vision. Also, qualities and objectives ought to be the bedrock of the business. HR has a crucial situation to help safeguarding the vision of the pioneer and imbuing it in all parts of overseeing representatives. They need to make it a point that the procedures in HR are agrees the manner in which the business might want individuals to chip away at it consistently. Third, HR can make the procedure straightforward. As the business develops, there is an unavoidable need to grasp a progressively expository methodology and situate more procedures. In any case, it is basic to discover the congruity among smoothness and structure with the goal that the soul of cunning and innovative are not subverted. Fourth, HR needs to find some kind of ha rmony among safeguarding and development. We will in general get wistful on what has consistently been nonetheless, the executives should relinquish it and proceed onward from business culture forms that no longer help its needs. Finally, HR the executives needs to establish frameworks for what's to come. HR individuals are frequently up to speed in an extraordinary pattern of enrollment and scarcely have the opportunity to look to consider at what styles they ought to set up to orchestrate what's to come. Directors need to ensure that they are not secured up in a transient outcomes and pass up on the significant chances to help longer term objectives. Business Decline As the years progressed, diminishing the workforce has been the standard returned to defeat in money related trouble. Exploration has indicated that cutbacks are especially obliterating to representatives and human repercussions of reductions costs a lot. While decrease in workforce are unavoidable, there are entrancing reasons why scaling back related cutbacks should all things considered apparent as an administrative device of total final hotel. There are a few Human Resource the board rehearses that bolsters a declining business. HR needs to force a prompt freeze in employing on the executives and care staff. There are other significant methodologies could be utilize that is best for the circumstance, for example, forcing required excursion, week's worth of work decrease, additional time cut compensation, pay decrease, brief office conclusion, and requesting thoughts of cost-decrease from representatives. It is a crucial undertaking for a firm to figure out which technique fits to take care of the issue of business decay. So as to adequately pick a scaling back technique, HR needs to appropriately associate a company’s style of cost cutting with the cost decrease time period. There are variables to consider that influences the choice of cost cutting system, for example, time, assets, financial plan, corporate culture, socioeconomics, and work showcase. Business Change As administrators, there are jobs one must consider to outperform change. HR needs to go about as supporters by illuminating individuals the requirement for change and being sure about it. They likewise should be supporters, by giving help and expelling obstructions. They could likewise go about as inspiration, by empowering the change and giving support. One must be educated of the procedure in change by distinguishing the issue and arrangement, creating plan and arrangement, and presenting the arrangement and fortifying the change. Business Competition The level of rivalry in an association influences the capacity of the cgompany to enroll qualified representatives. Candidates will in general look for enormous enterprises effectively than with private ventures since they don’t have a similar marking force or notoriety. Given that situation, HR office should concentrate on enlistment materials improvement, remembering the organization for an occupation reasonable for pull in individuals. Besides, projects and advantages ought to be created to hold key workers. Worker Development HR management’s fundamental duty is to help staff with their expert and profession advancement. HR can accomplish this by opening new entryways of chance to improve the information, aptitudes, capacities, instruments, assets, and chances to be fruitful in their activity and profession. It very well may be accomplished by giving hands on preparing and training, giving them input and execution objectives, getting some information about and supporting their objectives. The facts demonstrate that the accomplishment of improvement would rely upon the individual in any case, the administrator assumes a significant job in inspiring, supporting, evacuating snags, and giving assets to their turn of events. II. Inner Personnel Requirements HR officials advance, suggest on, and execute plan related to the use of representatives inside an association successfully. Their longing is to guarantee that the association enlists the reasonable individuals as far as aptitudes and experience, and that preparation and advancement openings are available to faculty to help their accomplishment and achieve the objectives in the association. HR officials are mindful in a scope of exercises required by the association, for example, working morals, enlistment, pay, terms of business, outer arrangement, and balance and decent variety. Interior and External Factors in Matching Personnel to: Authoritative Requirements Rivalry HR needs to investigate creating materials in enrollment and going to work fairs for organization advancement and fascination by the candidates. Simultaneously, impetuses and projects ought to be created to hold key representatives. Pay HR should ceaselessly assess the remuneration structure and they should make sure that the inner compensation style is reasonable. A genuine model would be, laborers with acceptable experience and with particular capability ought to get more pay than new alumni. Legitimization Enactment significantly influences all exercises in HR. It directs to what extent an association ought to hold staff records. Human Resource experts must remain side by side of enactment and train administrators on their obligations. Representative Relations Arrangements and strategies made inside has an incredible impact in HR activites. HR must guarantee that individuals in the organization get suitable preparing and advancement to be prepared for advancement later on. HR ought to likewise make sure the qualified workers for retirement and guarantee very much prepared possible staff to maintain a strategic distance from an unexpected flight of business information. References: http://iveybusinessjournal.com/points/methodology/hr-techniques that-can-assuage scaling back related-layoffs#.VG6R5YuUeAV http://www.hrinz.org.nz/document/conference04/introductions/Suzie_Sauer.pdf http://hrweb.berkeley.edu/toolboxs/chiefs managers/helping-workers create http://www.prospects.ac.uk/human_resources_officer_job_description.htm http://smallbusiness.chron.com/outside inward ecological components affecting hr-exercises 34745.html http://www.90days.co.nz/Boxall%20Purcell%20HR%20Strategy%20in%20Service%20sector.pdf http://www.focusintl.com/RBM152-066_Esra_Nemli1.pdf http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-assets/factsheets/vital human-asset management.aspx http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/landing area/creating a-human-asset methodology/human-asset management.html#axzz3K8C83mTf http://ugmconsulting.com/UGMResourceHumanCapitalStrategyCaseStudy.pdf Gathering Report Center Position of an Organization Human Resource Manager An extraordinary group of working experts in an association can't be conceivable without the HR. It has made various contrast in improving the efficiency of the worker. The principle commitment of HR the board to associations are employing and preparing the workforce, deals with the exhibition the board framework, helps in building society and qualities, oversees struggle, and in particular growing great relations. We picked the human asset chief as the center situation inside the association since it is the HR administrator that leads, controls and coordinates the individuals. They are the most qualified and gifted individuals into the association to have any kind of effect in improving the efficiency of the worker and the association. Fundamental beliefs In Kindly Residential Care Homes, our HR the executives have the accompanying fundamental beliefs to render successful and proficient administrations to workers, occupants and different partners. Driving Change It includes the ability to achieve key change inside and outside the Association, to meet authoritative objectives. Fundamental to this capability is the ability to make a dream in an association and to execute it in a persistently unique condition. Imagination and Innovation Outer Awareness Adaptability Strength Vital Thinking Vision 2. Driving People This center capability includes the capacity to lead individuals toward meeting the associations vision, strategic, objectives. Natural to this center capability is the capacity to give a comprehensive work environment that encourages the advancement of others, encourages participation and cooperation, and supports productive goals of contentions. Peace making Utilizing Diversity Creating Others Group Building Results Driven Responsibility Client care Definitiveness Enterprise Critical thinking Specialized Credibility 3. Business Acumen This center capability includes the capacity to oversee human, monetary, and data assets deliberately. Monetary Management Human Capital Management Innovation Management 4. Building Coalitions This center capability includes the capacity to construct alliances inside and with other Federal offices, State and neighborhood governments, n

Talent Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ability Management - Essay Example This must be acknowledged by capable people who are utilize their aptitudes to improve authoritative procedures. In addition, even skilled people can fail to meet expectations on the off chance that they are not completely drawn in with the associations. The main way that associations can urge their representatives to be completely connected with is to effectively draw in them, build up their crude gifts, empower their advancement, and bolster the laborers in the presentation of their different duties. Ultimately, HR Cloud frameworks are significant in light of the fact that they bolster the advancement of positive corporate culture. The IBM ability the board approach utilizes every one of these offices (Scullion and Collings, 2011). Authoritative change works as the center part of the entirety of this corporation’s arrangements. This is the thing that adds to the organization’s meeting its goals, while saving its business sway in the business and the world on the loose. Concerning ability investigation, IBM’s arrangements utilize driving examination with aptitude that offers an all encompassing translation of the company’s present situation in the market, where it should be, and how to the association can shape existing ability so as to understand this objective. IBM likewise encourages corporate social change based on coordinated effort and representative commitment, to improve worker maintenance and profitability by methods for innovation, conduct sciences, and authoritative counseling. IBM likewise has a working activity that gives seller choice and procedure support for HR Cloud f rameworks. Over 10 years prior, talented workforces were seen just like a need for any serious IT association. As of now, IBM was centered around overseeing ability so that there was no wastage of corporate assets. In 2004, the company thought of a product to manage ‘Human Capital Management

Explaining Crime Free Essays

Reasons for wrongdoing are ostensibly criminology’s generally significant and biggest research subject. In this procedure of research, criminologists and scholastics have utilized various hypotheses in endeavors to clarify how and why individuals resort to wrongdoing (Ellis, Beaver, Wright, 2009). The reason for this paper is to look at a contextual analysis first with the utilization of strain hypotheses (ST), trailed by social learning hypothesis (SLT). We will compose a custom paper test on Clarifying Crime or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The principal segment will include a rundown of the instance of R v Mark Andrew HUGHES (2009) NSWDC 404 including a framework of the offender’s individual life, of his violations, and his discipline passed on by the New South Wales District Court. It is critical to layout these realities so as to allude to them and fittingly examine them. The accompanying area will utilize strain hypotheses to examine factors and causes that lead the wrongdoer to carry out his violations. Anomie and strain hypothesis will be utilized here as for Merton’s idea of â€Å"retreatism† (Merton, in Alder, Laufer, 1995), just as Agnew’s general strain hypothesis (GST) as it represents individual and passionate strain got from negative connections (Agnew, 1992). These will be the essential speculations utilized for investigation in this paper as they are generally pertinent. The last segment will include the utilization of SLT. Drawing from the instance of R v Mark Andrew HUGHES (2009) NSWDC 404, the guilty party is a forty multi year elderly person named Mark Andrew Hughes and will be alluded to as Mr Hughes for the span of this paper. Mr Hughes youth included a huge level of negative boosts. For instance, Mr Hughes experienced dismissal through the bombed relationship of his mom and father at a youthful age, bringing about the total nonattendance of his natural dad. Mr Hughes was then exposed to his mother’s new marriage and relationship with a man who was to turn into his stepfather. This relationship became unstable and included liquor misuse and viciousness, coming about likewise in partition and separation. Also, Mr Hughes was exposed to his mother’s fought with some emotional wellness issues, and issues with the maltreatment of professionally prescribed medication. Mr Hughes grown-up connections to some degree mirror his moms. He wedded multiple times of which both brought about separation. Critically, the primary marriage was in 1991 and made three kids, of which one sadly kicked the bucket at seven months old enough. He is as of now is having basically no contact with the other two who are presently young people. Mr Hughes takes note of his subsequent marriage (1996-2005) was critical to him, anyway crumbled because of his relationship with drugs. This marriage made two youngsters whom he has contact with each Sunday, anyway his present conditions (in guardianship) implies this is by means of phone. Aside from the insignificant contact Mr Hughes has with his two children, he has been cut off from his family. It is likewise recognized that Mr Hughes had been seeing an advisor anyway halted only before his violations because of the impacts of his illicit drug use at that point. Medications have been a major piece of Mr Hughes life since early on. He started utilizing cannabis at age twelve, and his first involvement in heroin was age fifteen, which brought about addictions and significant stretches of private treatment. It has been accounted for that in the midst of individual change, Mr Hughes is unequipped for controlling his craving to turn to drugs (substance misuse) so as to get away. Actually, lately Mr Hughes chronic drug use has included speed and ice to such a degree, that he expected to stay high (sedate influenced) so as to maintain a strategic distance from the agony of â€Å"coming down†, which was an every day propensity that cost over $400 per day. One might say that because of Mr Hughes early beneficial encounters, increasing an instruction was a battle, and has been constrained. For example he completed his tutoring part of the way through optional instruction, bringing about a few untalented occupations notwithstanding, in the blink of an eye before a breakdown in his subsequent marriage, and his criminal lead, he held an occupation in a reusing production line for very nearly fourteen years. It ought to be noticed that the court brings up the discoveries from a notable clinical criminological therapist called W John Taylor, who expresses that dependent on Mr Hughes history, he believed he had a lead issue in his initial adolescent years, affirms he is unmistakably engaging with sedate maltreatment issue, and is at present enduring with gloom. Anyway he feels that Mr Hughes is certified in his longing to beat his habit with drugs, and with the correct help, he gets an opportunity at changing his conduct and addictions. This carries us to the subsequent issue to be laid out, that is Mr Hughes wrongdoings. Beside a charge of break and enter as a kid, another accuse with respect to sexual relations of an adolescent when he himself was an adolescent, and at the age of twenty-two, feelings for affectations, robbery and medication use, Mr Hughes has figured out how to remain wrongdoing free paying little heed to his chronic drug habits. Additionally, until the latest wrongdoings, Mr Hughes has never served a jail term. Consequently taking into account these realities, the court sees this as an inconsequential criminal record considering Mr Hughes current age. During the long stretches of September as far as possible of November 2008 Mr Hughes reemerges with six genuine criminal offenses, for the most part including break enter and take of which was from a business, a distribution center, a workshop and two homes. Two of these offenses included criminal acts that brought about independent charges, which were taking a vehicle from one of the homes he entered, and furthermore harming property. Critically one of the six offenses was an exasperated break enter and take from a home as one of the proprietors (spouse) returned home and astonished Mr Hughes while he was inside taking. Mr Hughes reacted with forceful conduct compromising him with what has been portrayed as wire shaper, in the long run driving the man on a bed and instructing him to remain there and he would not hurt him. The man cautioned Mr Hughes that his better half was expected home and trusted this would drive Mr Hughes away, anyway it brought about Mr Hughes tying up the victim’s hands, and choking his mouth for a brief timeframe while he kept on taking and scour the home. It was referenced that Mr Hughes didn't cause any physical damage, anyway the wrongdoing is viewed as intense. At long last, the court went to the general sentence for his wrongdoings of eight years and five months, with a non-parole time of five years and five months. The condemning procedure considers a scope of elements which will be talked about later. Agnew’s (1992) GST suggests that wrongdoing is submitted because of weight or strain that is gotten from negative connections and resulting beneficial encounters or occasions through those connections. These connections incorporate three sorts of strain that include circumstances where an individual has removed something important from another, destroyed another’s chances to accomplish an esteemed objective/s, or the punishment of hostile and undesirable boosts (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). The results of being exposed to strains of this nature, is the age of different pessimistic feelings inside the individual like discouragement, dread, outrage, dissatisfaction, disillusionment, and uneasiness. Along these lines, contingent upon an individual’s attributes and condition, these negative feelings can lead them to carry out wrongdoing (Agnew, 2006). The manner by which an individual reacts to this strain and resulting negative feeling, is to either acknowledge their present circumstance with an uplifting standpoint, which normally includes the individual having a decent encouraging group of people; or going to reprobate conduct and the utilization of medications to maintain a strategic distance from pessimistic feelings (Agnew, 2006; Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). From this we would already be able to start to see a portion of the parts of GST on account of Mr Hughes. For instance, alluding back to Mr Hughes individual subtleties, Agnew would contend that since this man’s inconveniences began as a youngster through the passing of a relationship with his organic dad, the presentation of another dad who introduced negative boosts and was â€Å"imposed/not wanted†, and he couldn't expel himself from this circumstance or relationship because of his age, he was along these lines exposed with the impacts of enthusiastic strain. What's more, the most huge individual in his life (mother) was additionally introducing negative boosts without anyone else curing and participating in unstable contentions with the stepfather. As indicated by GST, as a youngster/juvenile, Mr Hughes would have been enduring with sentiments like dread, outrage, and frustration, thus consuming medications was his approach to straightforwardly adapt/deal with these feelings and relational issues (Agnew, 2006). The way that Mr Hughes was youthful when he started to consume medications, just as dropping out of school early, and carrying out certain types of wrongdoing, is proof of the clarified procedure of Agnew’s ideas in GST, and in truth were fundamentally used to clarify misconduct and medication use in young people (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010, p. 64). Moreover, before Mr Hughes carried out these latest violations, he has from multiple points of view re-encountered these issues in his grown-up connections. For instance, the disastrous loss of his originally conceived child, the loss of his contact with his little girls and spouse from the main marriage, are generally instances of something important being expelle d from his life. This at that point happened again in the following marriage, which Mr Hughes had expressed was critical to him, and an extremely enormous misfortune. Social Learning hypothesis can likewise assist with clarifying this rehashed understanding of Mr Hughes and will be examined later. There are two different clarifications using strain hypothesis that can assist with clarifying why Mr Hughes lived a large portion of his life wrongdoing free, regardless of his medication propensity, before perpetrating his latest violations. Initially Agnew

The Hidden Truth About Personal Essay Sketch Samples Exposed

The Hidden Truth About Personal Essay Sketch Samples Exposed Personal Essay Sketch Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning in addition to the full thought of your essay might be incomprehensible. Then you will be prepared to compose a strong, cohesive conclusion for your private statement. A premise needs to be specific and you ought to have the ability to write it down in a single sentence. Think of the term for a minute, though. Personal Essay Sketch Samples Fundamentals Explained In composition, a character sketch is a short description in prose of a specific person or sort of person. If you are in need of a small amount of extra help, look at using a character sketch or template to aid you. This specific character sketch example provides you with the freedom to do whatever is ideal for you as well as your creativity without feeling like it's necessary to follow particular rules. Sometimes in life it is advisable to have a step back and consider the huge picture. The New Fuss About Personal Essay Sketch Samples Essay writing gives people an opportunity to share their ideas through writing. It is essential for a writer to understand the purpose for writing something. Writing your own personal statement is your opportunity to express yourself in your own words. Creating characters can be challenging for any writer. Unlike another sort of essays, personal essays are somewhat more flexible and versatile. Writing an essay is a critical role in academe life. The personal essay is among the most common kinds of writing assignment--and not just in freshman composition courses. Some personal essays are supposed to entertain, some are intended to inform, and others are supposed to support or oppose a particular position. It helps them keep all their ideas in 1 place and enables them to observe the framework of the essay. Everyone would like to compose a great essay composition. There are lots of topics that you may select from when you start to compose your pet essay. You might have observed or experienced a good deal of things that are related to the subject of your essay, but it doesn't signify that those things are relevant and ought to be in your essay. Choosing Good Personal Essay Sketch Samples The point is that bran storming techniques don't have to be the exact same every time and they're not the very same for every individual. There are lots of people who have lots of personal influences. It supplies valuable knowledge in a number of ways. Initially the method increases anxiety levels. Although there isn't any formula for a winning statement, there are a few tired themes to keep away from. Also, even if the concept is brilliant, it might not be related to your topic. The personal statement isn't a confessional booth. No matter the case might be, there are some things you should bear in mind so as to continue to keep your individual essay on track. The Personal Essay Sketch Samples Chronicles I've lived an extremely distinctive and distinctive life, learning a huge number of lessons on the way. Experience contributes to knowledge and wisdom. I myself am a healthy man with a fantastic family, a terrific job, a wonderful life. For instance, a student may want to write about a certain hardship in life which he or she has overcome. Personal Essay Sketch Samples - Is it a Scam? The simplest approach to specify the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. You've got to try to follow together with evocative writing while finishing such an essay. You have to attempt and follow evocative writing while finishing this kind of essay. You may take a look at our Argumentative Essays when that is the sort of essay you're trying for. Keep in mind that there's a third key kind of private essay. Whichever kind of private essay you're writing, you need to present your own personal experiences, observations, and views with your individual purpose in mind. Premise Sketches A premise sketch is a sketch where the circumstance is funny, in place of a specific character. Based on the writer, an essay can usually fall into a couple of the subsequent purposes (which you might have observed in some sample essay outline found within this source). You want to attempt to follow together with evocative writing while completing this sort of essay. As stated before, a terrific essay would follow the conventional personal essay format. A personal essay grants you the prerogative to express in yourself in a way which you're comfortable. The Unexpected Truth About Personal Essay Sketch Samples Sample personal statement for graduate school examples can permit you to compose a personal statement for grad school demonstrating why you are thinking about doing your studies in a given school and why you want to further your education in a particular field. You might even have to walk away for one hour and read it again. The truly amazing aspect regarding this printer is the fact that it's wi-fi and you'll set it on a range of places round the home after accessi ng it through all your family computers. Work with your students to assist them with this important part of their application.

The Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller - 846 Words

A Dime a Dozen The Death of a Salesman is a tragedy written by playwright Arthur Miller and told in the third person limited view. The play involves four main characters, Biff, Happy, Linda, and Willy Loman, an ordinary family trying to live the American Dream. Throughout the play however, the family begins to show that through their endeavors to live the American Dream, they are only hurting their selves. The play begins by hinting at Willy’s suicidal attempts as the play begins with Linda asking if he crashed the car asking, â€Å"You didn’t smash the car did you?† (Miller 1183). This first line foreshadows Willy’s suicide at the end of the play as it foreshadows that he is not completely sane. Subsequently, Biff and Happy Loman are introduced as Linda and Willy’s two children. Biff has recently returned to his home, but his parents constantly criticize him for not having a good job. Willy and Biff do not get along, as Willy believes that Biff has failed him because he did not succeed in being wealthy and well known. Biff was the classic all American teenager in high school, being a star in football and admired by all his peers. Willy describes him saying, â€Å"I thank almighty God you’re both built like Adonises.† (Miller 1193). Willy builds his children up believing they are above everyone else which will eventually lead to p roblems later in their life. Later in the play it is revealed that Willy has been lying to his children and is not doing well in his job. HisShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1387 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican play-write Arthur Miller, is undoubtedly Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949 at the time when America was evolving into an economic powerhouse. Arthur Miller critiques the system of capitalism and he also tells of the reality of the American Dream. Not only does he do these things, but he brings to light the idea of the dysfunctional family. Death of a Salesman is one of America’s saddest tragedies. In Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman, three major eventsRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller888 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman† is a play written by Arthur Miller in the year 1949. The play revolves around a desperate salesman, Willy Loman. Loman is delusioned and most of the things he does make him to appear as a ma n who is living in his own world away from other people. He is disturbed by the fact that he cannot let go his former self. His wife Linda is sad and lonely; his youngest son Biff is presented as a swinger/player while his eldest son Happy appears anti-business and confused by the behaviorRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1573 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents a character with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Bloom 2). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead MoreDeath of Salesman by Arthur Miller972 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Death of a Salesman by the playwrig ht Arthur Miller, the use of names is significant to the characters themselves. Many playwrights and authors use names in their works to make a connection between the reader and the main idea of their work. Arthur Miller uses names in this play extraordinarily. Not only does Miller use the names to get readers to correlate them with the main idea of the play, but he also uses names to provide some irony to the play. Miller uses the meanings of someRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1628 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning play Death of a Salesman in 1949. The play inflated the myth of the American Dream of prosperity and recognition, that hard work and integrity brings, but the play compels the world to see the ugly truth that capitalism and the materialistic world distort honesty and moral ethics. The play is a guide toward contemporary themes foreseen of the twentieth century, which are veiled with greed, power, and betrayal. Miller’s influence with the play spreadRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller949 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman can be described as modern tragedy portraying the remaining days in the life of Willy Loman. This story is very complex, not only because of it’s use of past and present, but because of Willy’s lies that have continued to spiral out of control throughout his life. Arthur Miller puts a modern twist on Aristotle’s definition of ancient Greek tragedy when Willy Loman’s life story directly identifies the fatal flaw of the â€Å"American Dream†. Willy Loman’s tragic flaw can be recappedRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller Essay2538 Words   |  11 PagesSurname 1 McCain Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course: Date: Death of a Salesman Death of a salesman is a literature play written by American author Arthur Miller. The play was first published in the year 1949 and premiered on Broadway in the same year. Since then, it has had several performances. It has also received a lot of accordances and won numerous awards for its literature merit including the coveted Pulitzer for drama. The play is regarded by many critics as the perfectRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller2081 Words   |  9 Pages#1 â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller is a tragedy, this play has only two acts and does not include scenes in the acts. Instead of cutting from scene to scene, there is a description of how the lighting focuses on a different place or time-period, which from there, they continue on in a different setting. The play doesn’t go in chronological order. A lot of the play is present in Willy’s flashbacks or memories of events. This provides an explanation of why the characters are acting a certainRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By Arthur Miller1475 Words   |  6 Pagesto death to achieve their so- called American dream. They live alone and there is no love of parents and siblings. They may have not noticed the America dream costs them so much, which will cause a bigger regret later. In the play Death of Salesman, Arthur Miller brings a great story of a man who is at very older age and still works hard to achieve his desire, which is the American dream. Later, he no tices that his youth is gone and there is less energy in his body. Willy Loman is a salesman, whoRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1517 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller’s play titled â€Å"Death of a Salesman† offers a plethora of morals pertaining to the human condition. One moral, shown in Aesop’s fable â€Å"The Peacock and Juno†, pertains to that one should be content with that of which they are given, for one cannot be the best at everything. In Death of a Salesman there is, without a doubt, a paucity of content and happiness within the Loman family. But what does it mean to truly be content? Aesop’s fable â€Å"The Peacock and Juno†, as the name suggests,

Soviet Union The Cold War - 1150 Words

In the heat of the Cold War, communism has spread its influence across the world and the United States stand fearing the worse from the Soviet Union. The United States’ objective was to expand the sovereignty of capitalism, but this was in the way of the USSR’s plan to overthrow capitalism entirely. With this struggle to keep their intentions active, the Cold War is primarily about who can be able to control the end results of World War II. Now the fear was creeping up among the U.S., with the events of the Korean War and the tension between the free enterprise versus the socialist. So while the Cold War continued to advance, the corruption of Cuba caused by General Fulgencio Batista, elected president of Cuba who has dictated the Cuban†¦show more content†¦Why was the Bay of Pigs Invasion such a failure, what could have been the result of such an intercepted attack? The only way the United States must have lost the attack was probably a seized message that the US were planning an attack, meaning that Castro had the chance to counter. To apprehend the possibility that Fidel Castro might have intercepted such an attack, we should understand the events leading up to that day. On January 1 of 1959, the nation’s leader Batista was overpowered by the Castro forces, leaving almost 50 dead at the battle. What was the reason for the overthrow? Batista was a corrupt leader, returning from his term by deposing Carlos Prà ­o Socarrà ¡s, the elected president of Cuba in 1948 who â€Å"was unable to solve Cuba’s economic problems. In the face of growing labour unrest, he did little to combat corruption and gang violence† (Britannica, Britannica Encyclopà ¦dia). Batista’s intention was to control the universities, the press, and including the Congress, and, in addition, use the cash of the economy to his liking. â€Å"His regime was finally toppled by the rebel forces led by Fidel Castro, who launched their successful at tack in the fall of 1958† (Britannica, Britannica Encyclopà ¦dia). With Fidel Castro in control of Cuba with welcoming hands, American corporations and wealthy individuals were nervous, for they owned â€Å"almost half of Cuba’s sugar plantations and the majority of its cattle ranches, mines and utilities† (Staff). Through

Software Crisis free essay sample

The term software crisis has been used since the late 1960s to describe those recurring system development problems in which software development problems cause the entire system to be late, over budget, not responsive to the user and/or customer requirements, and difficult to use, maintain, and enhance. The late Dr. Winston Royce, in his paper Current Problems [1], emphasized this situation when he said in 1991: The construction of new software that is both pleasing to the user/buyer and without latent errors is an unexpectedly hard problem. It is perhaps the most difficult problem in engineering today, and has been recognized as such for more than 15 years. It is often referred to as the software crisis. It has become the longest continuing crisis in the engineering world, and it continues unabated. This chapter describes some of the current issues and problems in system development that are caused by software—software that is late, is over budget, and/or does not meet the customers requirements or needs. Software is the set of instructions that govern the actions of a programmable machine. Software includes application programs, system software, utility software, and firmware. Software does not include data, procedures, people, and documentation. In this tutorial, software is synonymous with computer programs. Because software is invisible, it is difficult to be certain of development progress or of product completeness and quality. Software is not governed by the physical laws of nature: there is no equivalent of Ohms Law, which governs the flow of electricity in a circuit; the laws of aerodynamics, which act to keep an aircraft flying stably in the air; or Maxwells Equations, which describe the radiation of energy from an antenna. 7* 1 In addition, software is not manufactured like hardware; it does not have a production phase nor manufactured spare parts like hardware; it is typically custom-built, not assembled from existing components like hardware. Even in odays society, software is viewed with suspicion by many individuals, such as senior managers and customers, as somewhat akin to black magic. The result is that software is one of the most difficult artifacts of the modern world to develop and build. 2. Introduction to Papers The opening paper fortuitously appeared in a recent issue of Scientific American as the editors were casting about for a way to incorporate a recent rash of high-publicity software problems into the motivation for this tutorial. The paper defines and presents essentially all the major issues currently plaguing software development and maintenance. The article is popular rather than technical in the sense that it is journalistic in style and focuses on popular perceptions of software as black magic, but it raises many issues that software professionals need to be familiar with. It is also worth noting that many of the problems described are partly or largely due to nonsoftware issues such as politics, funding, and external constraints, but again the software professional needs to know that problems unrelated to software engineering must overcome if software projects are to be successful. The term software crisis not unexpectedly originated with the military, for that is where large, complex real-time software was first developed. More recently, as civilian and commercial software systems have approached and exceeded military systems in size, complexity, and performance requirements, the software crisis has occurred in these environments as well. It is noteworthy that the Scientific American article mentions military systems only peripherally. The article begins with a discussion of the highlypublicized and software-related failure of the baggage system at the new Denver International Airport. As of the date of the article, opening of the airport had been delayed four times, for almost a year, at a cost to the airport authority of over $1 million a day. Almost as visible in recent months, and also mentioned in the article, are failures of software development for the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) of the State of California, and for the advanced air traffic control system of the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The DMV project involved attempts to merge existing, separately developed systems that managed drivers licenses and vehicle registrations. As 2 as been pointed out in the press [2], the State of California has had problems with computer projects of over $1 billion in value, and the problems resulted from the acquisition policies of the State of California (how contractors and consultants are selected and managed by the State), and from hardware-software integration difficulties, as well as from causes strictly related to software development. The article identifies the first use of the term software engineering in a 1968 conference of the NATO Science Committee in Garmisch, Germany. (See also the Bauer article in this Tutorial. Many approaches that have been proposed to improve software development are discussed; the author feels that most of these ideas have not lived up to the expectations of their originators. Also discussed is the idea that there are no silver bullets. (See the article by Brooks in this chapter. ) The Scientific American article looks favorably on the use of formal specification methods to solve the problem of software quality, and on software reuse (the ability to use a software product developed for one application again later for another application) to solve the productivity or cost problem. The Software Engineering Institutes Capability Maturity Model was also favorably mentioned (see the article by Paulk, Curtis, Chrissis, and Weber in this Tutorial) as a motivation to software developers to improve their practices. The paper reports an SEI finding that approximately 75 percent of all software developers do not have any formal process or any productivity or quality metrics. Because software development depends on an educated workforce and good communications rather than on a fixed plant of any kind, software is inherently a suitable export product for developing countries. Although the US is still strong in software design and project management, the article notes that third world countries—notably India and Far Eastern countries— are capable of producing many more lines of code per dollar. A sidebar by Dr. Mary Shaw provides a view of software engineerings history, and of how that history may serve as a roadmap for software engineerings future. Finally, the paper urges education of computer science students in software engineering as an essential step toward resolving the software crisis. The second and last article in this chapter, No Silver Bullets: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering, is by Fred Brooks, one of the legendary figures in software engineering. He has been called the father of software engineering project management in the United States. He worked at IBM in the 1960s and was the software project manager for the OS/360 operating system. This paper, which he wrote in 1987, states that no single technique exists to solve the software crisis, that there is no silver bullet. The easy problems (accidents) have been solved and the remaining difficulties are essential. He views the solution to the software crisis as a collection of many software engineering tools and techniques that, used in combination, will reduce or eliminate software problems. Although Brooks sees no single solution to the software crisis, no single technology or management technique, he does see encouragement for the future through disciplined, consistent efforts to develop, pro pagate, and exploit many of the software tools and techniques that are being developed today. In a report, also written in 1987 [3], Brooks states his belief that most software development problems of the US Department of Defense are managerial rather than technical. ) Brooks believes the hard part of building software is the specification and design of a system, not the coding and testing of the final product. As a result, he believes that building software will always be hard. There is no apparent simple solution. Brooks describes the three major advances in software development as: †¢ †¢ The use of high level languages The implementation of time-sharing to improve the productivity of programmers and the quality of their products Unified programming environment Brooks also cites the Ada language, objectoriented programming, artificial intelligence, expert systems, and automatic programming (automated generation of code from system specification and design) as technologie s with the potential for improving software. From the perspective of another eight years, the Al-related technologies for the most part have yet to fulfill the potential that Brooks saw for them in 1987. A central nervous system of some 100 computers networked to one another and to 5,000 electric eyes, 400 radio receivers and 56 bar-code scanners orchestrates the safe and timely arrival of every valise and ski bag. At least that is the plan. For nine months, this Gulliver has been held captive by Lilliputians—-errors in the software that controls its automated baggage system. Scheduled for takeoff by last Halloween, the airports grand opening was postponed until December to allow BAE Automated Systems time to flush the gremlins out of its $193-million system. December yielded to March. March slipped to May. In June the airports planners, their bond rating demoted to junk and their budget hemorrhaging red ink at the rate of $1. 1 million a day in interest and operating costs, conceded that they could not predict when the baggage system would stabilize enough for the airport to open. To veteran software developers, the Denver debacle is notable only for its visibility. Studies have shown that for every six new large-scale software systems that are put into operation, two others are canceled. The average software development project overshoots its schedule by half; larger projects generally do worse. And D some three quarters of all large systems are operating failures that either do not function as intended or are not used at all. The art of programming has taken 50 years of continual refinement to reach this stage. By the time it reached 25, the difficulties of building big software loomed so large that in the autumn of 1968 the NATO Science Committee convened some 50 top programmers, computer scientists and captains of industry to plot a course out of what had come to be known as the software crisis. Although the experts could not contrive a road map to guide the industry toward firmer pound, they did coin a name for that distant goal: software engineering, now defined formally as the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software. A quarter of a century later software engineering remains a term of aspiration. The vast majority of computer code is still handcrafted from raw programming languages by artisans using techniques they neither measure nor are able to repeat consistently. Its like musket making was before Eli Whitney, says Brad J. Cox, a professor at George Mason University. Before the industrial revolution, there was a nonspecialized approach to manufacturing goods that involved very little interchangeability and a maximum of craftsmanship. If we are ever going to lick this software crisis, were going to have to stop this hand-to-mouth, every-progranrnier-biiflds-everything-from-theground-up, preindustrial approach. The picture is not entirely bleak. Intuition is slowly yielding to analysis as programmers begin using quantitative measurements of the quality of the software they produce to improve Softwares Chronic Crisis by W. W. Gibbs from Scientific American, Sept. 1994, pp. 86-95. Reprinted with permission. Copyright  © 1994 by Scientific American, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 the way they produce it. The mathemat- bedded in light switches, youve got to ical foundations of programming are get the software right the first time besolidifying as researchers work on ways cause youre not going to have a chanc e of expressing program designs in alge- to update it, says Mary M. Shaw, a probraic forms that make it easier to avoid fessor at Carnegie Mellon. serious mistakes. Academic computer The amount of code in most conscientists are starting to address their sumer products is doubling every two failure to produce a solid corps of soft- years, notes Remi H. Bourgoi^Jon, diware professionals. Perhaps most im- rector of software technology at Philips portant, many in the industry are turn- Research Laboratory in Eindhoven. Aling their attention toward inventing the ready, he reports, televisions may contechnology and market structures need- tain up to 500 kilobytes of software; an ed to support interchangeable, reusable electric shaver, two kilobytes.

Heart Of Darkness Essays (898 words) - Joseph Conrad,

Heart of Darkness In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, there is a great interpretation of the feelings of the characters and uncertainties of the Congo. Although Africa, nor the Congo are ever really referred to, the Thames river is mentioned as support. This intricate story reveals much symbolism due to Conrad's theme based on the lies and good and evil, which interact together in every man. Today, of course, the situation has changed. Most literate people know that by probing into the heart of the jungle Conrad was trying to convey an impression about the heart of man, and his tale is universally read as one of the first symbolic masterpieces of English prose (Graver,28). In any event, this story recognizes primarily on Marlow, its narrator, not about Kurtz or the brutality of Belgian officials. Conrad wrote a brief statement of how he felt the reader should interpret this work: "My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel-it is above all, to make you see.(Conrad 1897) Knowing that Conrad was a novelist who lived in his work, writing about the experiences were as if he were writing about himself. "Every novel contains an element of autobiography-and this can hardly be denied, since the creator can only explain himself in his creations."(Kimbrough,158) The story is written as seen through Marlow's eyes. Marlow is a follower of the sea. His voyage up the Congo is his first experience in freshwater navigation. He is used as a tool, so to speak, in order for Conrad to enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind. He longs to see Kurtz, in the hope's of appreciating all that Kurtz finds endearing in the African jungle. Marlow does not get the opportunity to see Kurtz until he is so disease-stricken he looks more like death than a person. There are no good looks or health. In the st ory Marlow remarks that Kurtz resembles "an animated image of death carved out of old ivory." Like Marlow, Kurtz is seen as an honorable man to many admirers; but he is also a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and above all he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. Both men had good intentions to seek, yet Kurtz seemed a "universally genius" lacking basic integrity or a sense of responsibility (Roberts,43). In the end they form one symbolic unity. Marlow and Kurtz are the light and dark selves of a single person. Meaning each one is what the other might have been. Every person Marlow meets on his venture contributes something to the plot as well as the overall symbolism of the story. Kurtz is the violent devil Marlow describes at the story's beginning. It was his ability to control men through fear and adoration that led Marlow to signify this. Throughout the story Conrad builds an unhealthy darkness that never allows the reader to forget the focus of the story. At every turn he sees evil lurking within the land. Every image reflects a dreary, blank one. The deadly Congo snakes to link itself with the sea and all other rivers of darkness and light, with the tributaries and source of man's being on earth (Dean,189). The setting of these adventurous and moral quests is the great jungle, in which most of the story takes place. As a symbol the forest encloses all, and in the heart of the African journey Marlow enters the dark cavern of his won heart. It even becomes an image of a vast catacomb of evil, in which Kurtz dies, but from which Marlow em erges spiritually reborn. The manager, in charge of three stations in the jungle, feels Kurtz poses a threat to his own position. Marlow sees how the manager is deliberately trying to delay any help or supplies to Kurtz. He hopes he will die of neglect. This is where the inciting moment of the story lies. Should the company in Belgium find out the truth a bout Kurtz's success in an ivory procurer, they would undoubtedly elevate him to the position of manager. The manager's insidious and pretending nature opposes all truth (Roberts,42). This story can

microbio importance Essay Example

microbio importance Essay Example microbio importance Essay microbio importance Essay Why should we study microbiology? Has there been any change in the quality of our life due to knowledge that we have acquired from the study of microbes? In other words what is the importance of microbiology in our life? We will try to find answers to some of these in the discussion below. The discussion on the role of microbes in human welfare may be divided under two headings good and bad. Microbes as we know are capable of both good and bad as for as human life is concerned. We will now list both the harm and benefit by microbes and then let us draw a conclusion as o how microbiology has helped us to control or kill the bad microbes and make maximum use of good microbes.. TOP Harmful effects Many of the microbes may be regarded as mans worst enemies. They cause a wide array of diseases that not only in threatens the existence of plants and animals on which he depends, but his own existence also directly. Viral, bacterial and fungal diseases of human beings have taken a heavy toll of human life, destruction of domesticated animals and total loss of agricultural crops. Before the discovery of microbes and before they were connected to diseases (germ theory of disease), the easons for these diseases were not known and man continued to suffer. But the development of microbiology gave man an insight into the life of microbes. Study of the structure and life history of microbes and their physiology, metabolism genetics etc. will help us to control them so that diseases can be prevented and if it occurs can be cured. TOP Beneficial activities The benefit that man can derive from the activities of microbes are immense. Study of these in microbiology helps us to improve (both in quality and quantity) these activities so that man can be benefited. Medical microbiology, Agricultural icrobiology, Environmental microbiology, Industrial microbiology, biotechnology are all branches of microbiology that tell us as to how in various human endeavours, microbiology is giving a helping hand to improve the quality of life. Biotechnology is one field which has the potential to change the course of life itself. Employed properly, it can bring about vast improvement in human life and his environment. But used improperly Oust as atomic energy is used for making bombs) it can bring about untold misery to human life. Creation of new genetically engineered microbes using the technique of animals and crop plants etc. Some microbes may also help us to check pollution as for example bacteria that can feed on oil spill. As research tools, to enquire into the fundamental processes of life microbes have rendered great service. They can be cultured, life histories can be studied in a short time and the results obtained can be interpreted for higher forms of life (including human beings) also, as the genetic material is same. From the discussion above, it must be abundantly clear that microbiology has become increasingly important to human society. It (microbiology) has emerged as one of the most important branches of life sciences. As microbes practically affect all activities of our life like, food, clothing, shelter, health hygiene etc, so also microbiology has made vast progressive strides in all these fields in little less than a century to improve the quality of our life. Infectious diseases have almost been conquered by new drugs, quality of agricultural crops improved by using techniques of genetic engineering, new varieties of wines, liquors have been produced perhaps to rise the spirit of man all these arc possible only because of microbiology. All these will make us wonder how our life would have been without the Knowledge of microbiology. TOP BACK

Analysis of Saudi Mutual Funds Regression Results Speech or Presentation

Analysis of Saudi Mutual Funds Regression Results - Speech or Presentation Example The significant predictors are MSCI Asia Equity Index, b = 0.1971, p It is also worth mentioning that the other four benchmarks namely, MSCI North America Equity Index, MSCI Europe Equity Index, Saudi Large-cap Growth Equity Portfolio Returns, Citigroup/Salomon Brothers World Money Market (one-month) Index, are not statistically significant predictors of total weekly returns. It can be interpreted to mean that whatever effect these benchmarks seemed to have on total weekly returns are not supported by any statistical evidence. Rather, these effects may simply be due to chance. In addition, the constant coefficient is also not significant. Upon closer inspection of the values of the coefficients of the twelve benchmarks, it can be observed that there are six positive predictors and two negative predictors of total weekly returns. The positive predictors are MSCI Asia Equity Index, MSCI GCC ex-Saudi Arabia Equity Index, Barclays Capital / Lehman Brothers Global Corporate Bond Index, Saudi Large-cap Value Equity Portfolio Returns, Saudi Small-cap Equity Portfolio Returns, and S & P / Goldman Sachs Commodity Index. This means that as these benchmarks become higher, total weekly returns generated by Saudi mutual funds also becomes higher. Furthermore, among these positive predictors, it can be seen that Barclays Capital / Lehman Brothers Global Corporate Bond Index has the highest effect of all, contributing

A losed-Loop Theory of Motor Learning Term Paper

A losed-Loop Theory of Motor Learning - Term Paper Example The basic aspects must be executed properly in order to enable one to focus and direct attention to other concerns. As practice continues under proper conditions, certain changes will definitely take place. Learning is conducted through distinctive stages that start with cognitive concepts to automatic performance concepts. 1. Gliding through the ice, where this was the earliest form of ice skating. This was featured in the older types of skates that were made of bones. This allowed the skaters to glide or rather slide over the surface of the ice. The principle in gliding on the bone-made skates was possible due to the larger surface area in contact with the ice, along with the thin film of water between the skates and the ice surface. 2. Cutting into the ice, which is the modern adaptation of ice skates. These skates feature a metallic blade (mostly steel), which would then cut through the ice to a certain depth which therefore aided in motion in traversing through the ice. The sharp edges in the edge of the skates aides in moving through the ice due to the fact that the sharp edges provide low friction in moving through the ice. This method though adopted in modern ice skates, was developed between the thirteenth and fourteenth century by the Dutch. The birth of ice skating dates back to the BC era, three thousand years back. As mentioned earlier, the early forms of skates were made from bones, specifically animal bones dues to the rigidity in the structure. It was later that metal was used to replace animal bones. Animal bones along with leather were used to make skates that were known as ‘schenkel’ by the Dutch, who the early inventors or discoverers were of ice skating. Ice skating then gained major popularity in the United States of America, during the civil war era (Kleim et al. 2002).  

The Education Systems of Lt, the Uk and the Usa. Pre-School and Pre-Primary Education Essay Example for Free

The Education Systems of Lt, the Uk and the Usa. Pre-School and Pre-Primary Education Essay Pre-school and pre-primary education in Lithuania, in the United Kingdom and in the USA have several things in common.. First, both education systems are available in three countries and also pre-school education is not compulsory. There are public and private pre-schools in three countries. Public pre-schools are those which are run by the government. Private pre-schools are those which are run by private organizations, for which parents have to pay fees. Many private pre-schools have a high reputation and parents send their children there so that they will have advantages later in life. There are nursery schools for children from the age of 1 to 3 years in Lithuania. Children from the age of 3 till 6 attend a kindergarten. The number of children in nursery schools is approximately 10 children and approximately 15 children in a kindergarten, whereas the number of children in the USA and in Great Britain is approximately 2-3 little children or 4-5 bigger children plus nursery-governor’s help. Another difference is about security in pre-school institutions. People who come in a kindergarten or nursery school are not registered. By contrast, people who come in a nursery school or a kindergarten are strictly registered in the USA and in Great Britain. Your driving licence or passport is taken and you get permission to be in a pre-school institution. The kindergartens and nursery schools in Lithuania also differs in their cost compared to cost of these pre-schools institutions in the United Kingdom and in the Usa because it is cheaper to let your children to Lithuanian kindergarten than to American or English kindergarten. Differently from Lithuania children under 5 receive pre-school education in Great Britain. Some go to playgroups several times a week and take part in structured play (play with some educational purpose) with other children of the same age. Others go to a nursery school or to the nursery department or kindergarten of a school. Children attend day nurseries until they are 6 months old the same as in Lithuania. Day nurseries take care of children activity, self-expression, security. Nursery-governors take care of children education and upbringing. The emphasis is on group work, creative activity and guided play. Day nurseries are divided into private and community. Fees in the communities are not so big as in the day nurseries. Some of the community nurseries give parents discounts according to their financial position. The working time is very different in day nurseries of Great Britain, for example, local authority pre-schools work until 15 a. m. The other pre-school institutions work from 7 till 19. All kindergartens work all year except public holidays in Great Britain meanwhile not all kindergartens work all year in Lithuania. In the same way, children attend nursery schools, day care or pre-school from an early age in the USA. Children are taught, trained in the nursery schools and in the kindergartens. Nursery-governors play with children. There are some requirements in order that your child would be inducted to kindergarten, for example, it is required children to be toilet trained and your child is not ready for the potty, they may not let him or her attend a kindergarten, but children are not required to be toilet trained in Lithuania. In the USA parents may also have to pay high fees for late pickups and end up having to stay home with their child if the pre-school says she or he is too sick to be there. Another difference is that parents can freely choose which nursery school or kindergarten their child is going to attend in Lithuania, but in the USA all children should go to nursery school or kindergarten according to their living place because there are brought under districts. All children go according to district which he or she belongs to. If parents think that their district’s nursery school or kindergarten is not as good as it should be, parents must change the living place in order that their children could go to a better pre-school institution. Pre-primary education content is similar in three countries. There a wide variety of fun activities – including singing, dancing, arts and crafts, storytelling, free play, and both indoor and outdoor games and projects – designed to teach children different skills. Cildren may also learn some academic basics such as counting and the alphabet. Children in Lithuania start to attend pre-primary institution at the age of 6, but if parents want and their child is grown enough pre-primary institution can be attend at the age of 5, while the majority of children start to attend pre-primary preparation lessons at the age of 2-5 in the United Kingdom. Also the government’s programme which is named â€Å"sureStart† gives the possibility to all children from the age of 3 to 4 to get pre-primary lessons free of charge in a kindergarten. Differently from Lithuania children at the age of 6 start to attend a school in the USA. Taking everything into account, I can note that pre-school and pre-primary education has several things in common in The United Kingdom, in the USA, and in the Lithuania, but on the other hand there are a lot of differencies.

The Issue Of Sport :: essays research papers

The Issue of Sport The material I have studied for the Issue of Sport has helped me understand more about living in our contemporary world. The film and the screenplay "Strictly Ballroom" along with newspaper articles and the television documentary on Sport made me understand why sport is important in our society. Sport involves many things such as competition, dirty tactics, personal achievement and sport officials. Firstly, whenever there is sport, there is competition. There is competition for all levels of sport. Some people thive on competition while others are just testing their own limitations. Competition is both good and bad for our society; it brings out the best and the worst in people. If there is competition it makes people strive harder to do the best they can. But it can also lead to dirty tactics, drugs or violence. In the screenplay "Strictly Ballroom", dirty tactics were used due to the competitive pressure. At the State Final Championship Scott and Liz were blocked by Ken Railings and Pam Short. It was also unfair competition, Barry Fife (The Dance Ferderation President) was being dishonest. Wayne overheard Barry setting it up so that Scott didn't win the Pan Pacific Grand Prix. The Sport weekly magazine article " Shirley knows her tables" printed on 14th May, 1996 dicusses her determination and preparation for the competition in the 2000 Olympics game. Every game have different levels of competion and also the bigger the prizes, the more competitive. Shirley trains very hard and knows it is very competitive at the Olympics. Secondly people can personal achievement from sport. Sportspersons are satisfied that is they have performed to their expectations. Personal achievement is doing the best you can or setting up goals and fulfilling them by winning. It helps to lift the spirits and the motivation of a person's mind. Family support is also important to a person's success. In "Strictly Ballroom", Scott and Fran achieved some goals such as the time Fran asked Scott to dance with her and he eventually agreed. They showed their individuality and are very determined non- conformists. They dance for the enjoyment of it. Both of them have the same dreams. But Scott's personal achievement is different from Fran's. He grew up expecting to win the Pan Pacifics. Fran and Scott fulfilled their ambition and are satisfied by merely being able to dance their own steps. The newspaper article "Straight into the record books" from The Sydney Morning Herald published on 6th Febrary 1996 demonstrated personal achievement of Tammy van Wisse, the first person to swim Bass Strait. Her individuality and

Nature vs. Nurture in Language Development

What is Language? Language is a tool we have been using to understand and develop our thinking. We have been: Learning about the thinking of others by reading Expressing our own thinking through writing Exchanging ideas with others by speaking and listening Thought and language can contribute to clear, effective thinking and communication. Language is a system of symbols for thinking and communicating. At 5 years of age human is expected to have; Articulated speech, Vocabulary of more than 6000 words and Observe grammar rules.An Average speaker is expected to have; 150 words per minute, 20,000 and 40,000 alternatives and error rates below 0. 1%. There are two theories concerning Nature or Rationalism in Language and these are the Nativism and Child Talk model of Chapman et al. (1992). In the child talk theory the child’s needs will enable him to formulate speech based on his past experiences. Nature or rationalist theory is based on the following study by prominent people in h uman history: 1. PLATO knowledge and understanding: * innate * biological * genetically * common nature . Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650) Ideas existed within human beings prior to experience. * God * ability of the environment and the mind to influence and initiate behavior * reflex action (unintended behaviors) 3. Kant (1724-1804) â€Å"A priori† knowledge as illustrated below. 4. CHOMSKY The Nativist Perspective: Human beings are born with an innate capacity for language. Universal Grammar * An innate property of the human mind * Growth of language is analogous to the development of a bodily organ * Abstract that it could not be learned at allPrinciples of UG: 1. Language is innate 2. Our brains contain a dedicated special-purpose learning device that has evolved for language alone. * domain specificity, autonomy or modularity Nurture states that knowledge originates in the environment and comes in through the senses. This theory is called Empiricism defines as the imp ortance of sensory experience as the basis of all knowledge. Empiricism is otherwise known as the doctrine that says sense experience is the only source of knowledge, a belief that experience alone is the source of all knowledge.Empiricism is essentially a theory of knowledge which asserts that all knowledge is derived from sense experience. It rejects the notion that the mind is furnished with a range of concepts or ideas prior to experience. Three principal British philosophers who are associated with empiricism are John Locke (1632-1704), George Berkeley (1685-1753), and David Hume (1711-76). in philosophy, a doctrine that affirms that all knowledge is based on experience, and denies the possibility of spontaneous ideas or a priori thought. Empiricism (greek from empirical, latin experientia – the experience) is generally regarded as being at the heart of the modern scientific method, that our theories should be based on our observations of the world rather than on intuit ion or faith; that is, empirical research and a posteriori inductive reasoning rather than purely deductive logic. Other basis of empiricism are: 1. ARISTOTLE * Truth and knowledge to be found outside of ourselves by using our senses. 2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 – 1778) * Emile: the hero learns about life through his experiences in life 3.John Dewey (1859 – 1952) * Structured experience matters and disciplinary modes of inquiry could allow the development of the mind. 4. Edward Thorndike (1874 – 1949) STIMULUS – RESPONSE * people learned through a trial-and-error approach * mental connections are formed through positive responses to particular stimuli * learning was based on an association between sense impressions and an impulse to action * structure the environment to ensure certain stimuli that would ‘produce’ learning 5. Psychologist B. F.Skinner (behaviorism or associationism) 3 needs for language formation: * time * opportunity * com puting power Skinner further explains that learning is the production of desired behaviors without any influence of mental processes. Programmed learning is positive reinforcement for â€Å"correct† responses Let us now bridge the gap between nature and nurture. Learning is a developmental cognitive process, human create/construct knowledge. There are three theories involved in this process; constructivism, progressivism and language acquisition theory.We will discuss first constructivism , the following diagrams will show us. Diagram 1: Psychologist Jean Piaget proposed two kind of interaction: * Simple interactions: putting together * Emergentism: adding more to what was put together The first box shows simple interaction while the second box shows emergentism. Diagram 2 shows us how the brain is constructed with interaction to the environment. Diagram 2: Vygotsky (1896 – 1934) states that all learning occurs in a cultural context and involves social interactions.The zone of proximal development (ZPD)learn subjects best just beyond their range of existing experience with assistance from the teacher or another peer to bridge the distance from what they know or can do independently and what they can know or do with assistance (Schunk, 1996) â€Å"scaffolding† that help students learn in systematic ways. This is illustrated further illustrated in diagram 3. To Piaget there are three element involved in interaction the structured environment, the senses and the brain. Vygotsky added one more element nother human being that makes now the elements of interaction four namely structured environment, the senses, another human being and the brain. Diagram 3: Second theory in bridging the gap is Progressivism which emphases on both experience and thinking or reflection as a basis for learning explore, discover, construct, and create. Emergentist (Tomasello & Call, 1997) said that there is something innate in the human brain that makes language poss ible, something that we do with a large and complex brain that evolved to serve the many complex goals of human society and culture.A new machine built out of old parts, reconstructed from those parts by every human child. ( contrast to domain specificity ). Diagram 4 will show us people cannot create something from nothing. People can create but from something already there. The picture on the left is the nurtured face while the picture on the right is the natural face. Diagram 4: LAD THEORY ( Language Acquisition Device ) Chomsky regards linguistics as a subfield of psychology, more especially the cognitive psychology.The Language Acquisition Device: Chomsky argues that language is so complex that it is almost incredible that it can be acquired by a child in so short a time. He further says that a child is born with some innate mental capacity which helps the child to process all the language which he hears. This is called the quot;Language Acquisition Devicequot; (LAD). Chomsky a nd his followers claim that language is governed by rules, and is not a haphazard thing, as Skinner and his followers would claim. We must remember that when Chomsky talks about rules, he means the unconscious rules in a child's mind.A child constructs his own mental grammar which is a part of his cognitive framework. These rules enable him to produce grammatical sentences in his own language. Chomsky does not mean that child can describe these rules explicitly. For instance, a four or five year old child can produce a sentence like, I have taken meal, he can do that because he has a ‘mental grammar' which enables him to form correct present perfect structures and also to use such structures in the right or appropriate situation. Language learning Input Mental grammar Is an (own rules) Innate ability LADGrammatical Output sentencesChomsky suggests that the learner of any language has an inbuilt learning capacity for language that enables each learner to construct a kind of per sonal theory or set of rules about the language based on very limited exposure to language. John Watson / Behaviorism A branch of psychology that bases its observations and conclusions on definable and measurable behavior and on experimental methods, rather than on concept of ;quot;mind. â€Å" Behaviorism is a psychological theory first put forth by John Watson (1925), and then expounded upon by BF Skinner.Attempting to answer the question of human behavior, proponents of this theory essentially hold that all human behavior is learned from one's surrounding context and environment. Diagram 5 shows the imitation process * Children start out as clean slates and language learning is process of getting linguistic habits printed on these slates * Language Acquisition is a process of experience * Language is a ‘conditioned behavior’: the stimulus response process * Stimulus – Response, Feedback – Reinforcement Diagram 5:SUMMARY Rationalism ( Bloomfield & Noam Chomsky ) states the nativist or innateness where children must be born with an innate capacity for language development. Children are born with an innate propensity for language acquisition, and that this ability makes the task of learning a first language easier than it would otherwise be. The human brain is ready naturally for language in the sense when children are exposed to speech, certain general principles for discovering or structuring language automatically begin to operate.Constructivism ( Jean Piaget ) proponent of cognitive theory which introduced that language Acquisition must be viewed within the context of a child’s intellectual development. Linguistic structures will emerge only if there is an already established cognitive foundation. The earliest period of language learning (up to 18 months), relating to the development of what Piaget called ‘sensory motor’ intelligence, in which children construct a mental picture of a world of objects that hav e independent existence.During the later part of this period, children develop a sense of object permanence and will begin to search for the objects that they have seen hidden. This is further emphasized by Vygotsky in his socio-cultural approach to knowledge. Another theory by C. A. Ferguson (1977) known as the Input Theory claiming that parents do not talk to their children in the same way as they talk to other adults and seem to be capable of adapting their language to give the child maximum opportunity to interact and learn. REFERENCES:Pinel, JJ (2011) Biopsychology; Eighth Edition, Allyn& Bacon. Nature versus nurture – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nature_versus_nurturePowell, K. (n. d. ). Nature vs Nurture – How heredity and environment shape who we are. Retrieved from http://genealogy. about. com/cs/geneticgenealogy/a/nature_nurture. htmPowell, K. (). Nature vs Nurture – how heredity and environment shape who we are. Retrieved from http://genealogy. about. com/cs/geneticgenealogy/a/nature_nurture_2. htm

Happiness Helpful Or Harmful - 1230 Words

Happiness: Helpful or harmful? In today’s society, we are relentlessly bombarded with annoying phrases like â€Å"things aren’t so bad† or â€Å"look on the bright side of life†. (Inside Out Review, 2015). Our brains are wired to think that the optimal level of happiness is achieved when we refuse to think negatively. However, adopting this type of attitude can result in just the opposite of happiness. Having a sense of optimism, especially on a good day almost feels like bliss. However, on a bad day, pushing away any insignificant hint of sadness you may be feeling can put you at an ultimate low. I compare this to the story told by James Baldwin entitled, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. The author uses a close family member to convey the damaging†¦show more content†¦Their relentless positivity reaches a point where it is irritating. This type of thinking results in a distorted sense of reality, as it causes us to over exaggerating our abilities This condition can be referred to as the optimism bias and 80% of humans have it. â€Å"It s our tendency to overestimate our likelihood of experiencing good events in our lives and underestimate our likelihood of experiencing bad events. So we underestimate our likelihood of suffering from cancer, being in a car accident. We overestimate our longevity, our career prospects. In short, we re more optimistic than realistic, but we are oblivious to the fact.†( Tali Sharot, 2012) The choice of choosing optimism over realism it can sometimes lead to an unfeasible expectation that can never possibly be met. When we set these expectations for ourselves or others, we feel disappointed when these expectations are unsatisfied. We become more likely to pursue unrealistic expectations which exceed our skill level. We then have the issue of our high ideals, goals, and expectations being unequivocal to our current talent or skill level. The key is not to push away thoughts of negativity, but to use them to our advantage. In order to use your optimism to your advantage you have to find a way to not be on either side of the scale. A equal balance of optimism and realism will be your best aid to achieving your goals. In her speech, Tari Shallot uses a cartoon of several penguins and a large